Studying the genome may be the ‘key’ to sea turtle survival

Researchers at the University of Porto’s Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) have found that studying the genome of green and leatherback turtles could be the “key” to the survival of these marine species.

A University of Porto statement said a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences revealed the genome organization of “two iconic species”: green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea).

The study, led by the University of Massachusetts (United States of America), involved 48 researchers.

The characteristics now revealed through genome organization may be the “key” to the survival of these species, especially “in a rapidly changing world.”

Using innovative technology, the study found that the genomes of green and leatherback turtles are “remarkably similar” despite finding “differences that make them unique” that have been the focus of researchers’ attention as the animals are endangered.

“The study showed that green turtles developed more genes for immunity, which indicates a more prepared immune system,” says CIIMAR.

In addition to genes for immunity, this population of turtles also evolved more olfactory receptors that help them navigate, inhabit different environments, and specialize in diet.

But the genome of leatherback turtles, which historically had lower population levels, showed “less genetic diversity”.

The studies carried out have also made it possible to understand the mechanisms of sex determination depending on temperature, which affect the dynamics of populations, as well as the conservation of species.

“It has also become clear that microchromosomes, once considered ‘genetic junk’, support their critical role in vertebrate evolutionary adaptation,” adds CIIMAR.

CIIMAR researcher Agostinho Antunes, quoted in the statement, says the results are “surprising” as they reveal “features of the reference genomes of two charismatic sea turtle species.”

The results of the study, the center stresses, provide “invaluable resources for advancing understanding of best practices in the evolution and conservation of these endangered vertebrates.”